CAT 2025 Lesson : Bar Graph - Case 4

Directions for questions 11 to 15: Answer the following questions based on the information given below:

The following 2 bar charts represent revenues and expenses (in thousands) of A Ltd, B Ltd, and C Ltd over a period of five years. Profit = Revenues - Expenses.



[IIFT 2016]

11) For which company, the average annual expenses were maximum in the given period?

(1) A Ltd
(2) B Ltd
(3) C Ltd
(4) Both A Ltd and B Ltd

12 For which year, the average annual revenue (considering all three companies) was the maximum?

(1) 2011
(2) 2012
(3) 2013
(4) 2014

13) What was the approximate percentage decline in the revenue of C Ltd in 2015 as compared to the revenue in 2012?

(1) 16
(2) 25
(3) 33
(4) 40

14) What was the approximate absolute difference between the average revenue of A Ltd in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average revenue of B Ltd in 2013, 2014 and 2015?

(1) 20
(2) 160
(3) 20000
(4) 26000

15) For which of the following years the percentage of rise/fall in profit from the previous year was the maximum for A Ltd?

(1) 2012
(2) 2013
(3) 2014
(4) 2015

Solution

11) Let us populate the data given in the bar chart in a table having years in rows and revenue, expense and profit of A, B and C Ltd in the columns.



We need to find the company that has the maximum average annual expense

As all the companies are having expenses for 5 years, we don’t need to find the average expense for each company. We can compare the total expenses and the company having the maximum total expense, is the company which will have the maximum average expense.

The total expense for C Ltd is the maximum.

∴ C Ltd is the company with maximum average expense.

Option (3), C Ltd, is the correct answer.

Answer: (3) C Ltd

12) Let us populate the data given in the bar chart in a table having years in the rows and revenue, expense and profit of A, B and C Ltd in the columns.



We need to find the average annual revenue for all 3 companies from 2011-2014 (as 2011-2014 are the only years that are given in the options) to find the maximum average annual revenue among these 4 years.

As all the 3 companies are having revenue in all four years, we don’t need to find the average for each year. We can compare the total revenue of each year and the year in which the total revenue is maximum will be the year having maximum average annual revenue.

Total revenue (2011) = 120 + 180 + 150 = 450
Total revenue (2012) = 165 + 150 + 180 = 495
Total revenue (2013) = 135 + 165 + 180 = 480
Total revenue (2014) = 180 + 150 + 135 = 465

Total revenue in 2012 is the maximum.
∴ 2012 is the year in which the average annual revenue is maximum.

Option (2), 2012, is the correct answer.

Answer: (2) 2012

13) Let us populate the data given in the bar chart in a table having years in the rows and revenue, expense and profit of A, B and C Ltd in the columns.



Percentage decline in the revenue of C Ltd in 2015 as compared to the revenue in 2012 = Difference in C’s revenue in 2012 and 2015 / C’s revenue in 2012
= $\dfrac{60}{180} \times 100$%= 33.33%

The approximate value is 33%

Option (3), 33, is the correct answer.

Answer: (3) 33

14) Let us populate the data given in the bar chart in a table having years in the rows and revenue, expense and profit of A, B and C Ltd in the columns.



Average revenue of A Ltd in 2011, 2012 and 2013 = $\dfrac{120 + 165 + 135}{3}$ = $\dfrac{420}{3}$ = 140

Average revenue of B Ltd in 2013, 2014 and 2015 = $\dfrac{165 + 150 + 165}{3}$ = $\dfrac{480}{3}$ = 160

Difference between the average revenue of A Ltd in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average revenue of B Ltd in 2013, 2014 and 2015 is

160 - 140 = 20

As the values in the bar chart are given in thousands, the actual difference between these two values is 20000.

Option (3), 20000, is the correct answer.

Answer: (3) 20000

15) Let us populate the data given in the bar chart in a table having years in the rows and revenue, expense and profit of A, B and C Ltd in the columns.



On seeing the Profits of A, we can notice that the growth in 2013 is the maximum among all other rise/fall in it’s profits. (The growth from -20 to 35 is 55. All other rise/fall is lower than this and while comparing the rise/fall value with it’s previous year as a percentage, it will be lower than this because the denominator value will be higher than this)

Fall % in 2012 = $\dfrac{35}{15} \times 100$% = 233% (approximately)

Rise % in 2013 = $\dfrac{55}{20} \times 100$% = 275%

Rise % in 2014 = $\dfrac{25}{35} \times 100$% = 71.4% (approximately)

Rise % in 2015 =$\dfrac{20}{60} \times 100$% = 33% (approximately)

∴ The rise percentage in profit in 2013 from the previous year is the maximum.

Option (2), 2013, is the correct answer.

Answer: (2) 2013

Answer:
11) (3) C Ltd
12) (2) 2012
13) (3) 33
14) (3) 20000
15) (2) 2013