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CAT 2025 Lesson : Verbal: Nov '24 to Dec '24 - CAT RCs - Live Solving - 30 Dec 2024
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
[CAT 2017 Slot 1]
Do sports mega events like the summer Olympic Games benefit the host city economically? It depends, but the prospects are less than rosy. The trick is converting... several billion dollars in operating costs during the l 7-day fiesta of the Games into a basis for long-term economic returns. These days, the summer Olympic Games themselves generate total revenue of 4 billion to 5 billion, but the lion's share of this goes to the International Olympics Committee, the National Olympics Committees and the International Sports Federations. Any economic benefit would have to flow from the value of the Games as an advertisement for the city, the new transportation and communications infrastructure that was created for the Games, or the ongoing use of the new facilities.
Evidence suggests that the advertising effect is far from certain. The infrastructure benefit depends on the initial condition of the city and the effectiveness of the planning. The facilities benefit is dubious at best for buildings such as velodromes or natatoriums and problematic for 100,000-seat Olympic stadiums. The latter require a conversion plan for future use, the former are usually doomed to near vacancy. Hosting the summer Games generally requires 30-plus sports venues and dozens of training centers. Today, the Bird's Nest in Beijing sits virtually empty, while the Olympic Stadium in Sydney costs some 30 million a year to operate.
Part of the problem is that Olympics planning takes place in a frenzied and time-pressured atmosphere of intense competition with the other prospective host cities - not optimal conditions for contemplating the future shape of an urban landscape. Another part of the problem is that urban land is generally scarce and growing scarcer. The new facilities often stand for decades or longer. Even if they have future use, are they the best use of precious urban real estate?
Further, cities must consider the human cost. Residential areas often are razed and citizens relocated (without adequate preparation or compensation). Life is made more hectic and congested. There are, after all, other productive uses that can be made of vanishing fiscal resources.
1) The central point in the first paragraph is that the economic benefits of the Olympic Games
(1) are shared equally among the three organising committees.
(2) accrue mostly through revenue from advertisements and ticket sales.
(3) accrue to host cities, if at all, only in the long term.
(4) are usually eroded by expenditure incurred by the host city.
2) Sports facilities built for the Olympics are not fully utilised after the Games are over because
(1) their scale and the costs of operating them are large.
(2) their location away from the city centre usually limits easy access.
(3) the authorities do not adapt them to local conditions.
(4) they become outdated having being built with little planning and under time pressure.
3) The author feels that the Games place a burden on the host city for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
(1) they divert scarce urban land from more productive uses.
(2) they involve the demolition of residential structures to accommodate sports facilities and infrastructure.
(3) the finances used to fund the Games could be better used for other purposes.
(4) the influx of visitors during the Games places a huge strain on the urban infrastructure.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
[CAT 2017 Slot 2]
Typewriters are the epitome of a technology that has been comprehensively rendered obsolete by the digital age. The ink comes off the ribbon, they weigh a ton, and second thoughts are a disaster. But they are also personal, portable and, above all, private. Type a document and lock it away and more or less the only way anyone else can get it is if you give it to them. That is why the Russians have decided to go back to typewriters in some government offices, and why in the US, some departments have never abandoned them. Yet it is not just their resistance to algorithms and secret surveillance that keeps typewriter production lines - well one, at least - in business (the last British one closed a year ago). Nor is it only the nostalgic appeal of the metal body and the stout well-defined keys that make them popular on eBay. A typewriter demands something particular: attentiveness. By the time the paper is loaded, the ribbon tightened, the carriage returned, the spacing and the margins set, there's a big premium on hitting the right key. That means sorting out ideas, pulling together a kind of order and organising details before actually striking off. There can be no thinking on screen with a typewriter. Nor are there any easy distractions. No online shopping. No urgent emails. No Twitter. No need even for electricity - perfect for writing in a remote hideaway. The thinking process is accompanied by the encouraging clack of keys, and the ratchet of the carriage return. Ping!
1) Which one of the following best describes what the passage is trying to do?
(1) It describes why people continue to use typewriters even in the digital age.
(2) It argues that typewriters will continue to be used even though they are an obsolete technology.
(3) It highlights the personal benefits of using typewriters.
(4) It shows that computers offer fewer options that typewriters.
2) According to the passage, some governments still use typewriters because:
(1) they do not want to abandon old technologies that may be useful in the future.
(2) they want to ensure that typewriter production lines remain in business.
(3) they like the nostalgic appeal of typewriter.
(4) they can control who reads the document.
3) The writer praises typewriters for all the following reasons EXCEPT
(1) Unlike computers, they can only be used for typing.
(2) You cannot revise what you have typed on a typewriter.
(3) Typewriters are noisier than computers.
(4) Typewriters are messier to use than computers.
[CAT 2017 Slot 1]
Do sports mega events like the summer Olympic Games benefit the host city economically? It depends, but the prospects are less than rosy. The trick is converting... several billion dollars in operating costs during the l 7-day fiesta of the Games into a basis for long-term economic returns. These days, the summer Olympic Games themselves generate total revenue of 4 billion to 5 billion, but the lion's share of this goes to the International Olympics Committee, the National Olympics Committees and the International Sports Federations. Any economic benefit would have to flow from the value of the Games as an advertisement for the city, the new transportation and communications infrastructure that was created for the Games, or the ongoing use of the new facilities.
Evidence suggests that the advertising effect is far from certain. The infrastructure benefit depends on the initial condition of the city and the effectiveness of the planning. The facilities benefit is dubious at best for buildings such as velodromes or natatoriums and problematic for 100,000-seat Olympic stadiums. The latter require a conversion plan for future use, the former are usually doomed to near vacancy. Hosting the summer Games generally requires 30-plus sports venues and dozens of training centers. Today, the Bird's Nest in Beijing sits virtually empty, while the Olympic Stadium in Sydney costs some 30 million a year to operate.
Part of the problem is that Olympics planning takes place in a frenzied and time-pressured atmosphere of intense competition with the other prospective host cities - not optimal conditions for contemplating the future shape of an urban landscape. Another part of the problem is that urban land is generally scarce and growing scarcer. The new facilities often stand for decades or longer. Even if they have future use, are they the best use of precious urban real estate?
Further, cities must consider the human cost. Residential areas often are razed and citizens relocated (without adequate preparation or compensation). Life is made more hectic and congested. There are, after all, other productive uses that can be made of vanishing fiscal resources.
1) The central point in the first paragraph is that the economic benefits of the Olympic Games
(1) are shared equally among the three organising committees.
(2) accrue mostly through revenue from advertisements and ticket sales.
(3) accrue to host cities, if at all, only in the long term.
(4) are usually eroded by expenditure incurred by the host city.
2) Sports facilities built for the Olympics are not fully utilised after the Games are over because
(1) their scale and the costs of operating them are large.
(2) their location away from the city centre usually limits easy access.
(3) the authorities do not adapt them to local conditions.
(4) they become outdated having being built with little planning and under time pressure.
3) The author feels that the Games place a burden on the host city for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
(1) they divert scarce urban land from more productive uses.
(2) they involve the demolition of residential structures to accommodate sports facilities and infrastructure.
(3) the finances used to fund the Games could be better used for other purposes.
(4) the influx of visitors during the Games places a huge strain on the urban infrastructure.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
[CAT 2017 Slot 2]
Typewriters are the epitome of a technology that has been comprehensively rendered obsolete by the digital age. The ink comes off the ribbon, they weigh a ton, and second thoughts are a disaster. But they are also personal, portable and, above all, private. Type a document and lock it away and more or less the only way anyone else can get it is if you give it to them. That is why the Russians have decided to go back to typewriters in some government offices, and why in the US, some departments have never abandoned them. Yet it is not just their resistance to algorithms and secret surveillance that keeps typewriter production lines - well one, at least - in business (the last British one closed a year ago). Nor is it only the nostalgic appeal of the metal body and the stout well-defined keys that make them popular on eBay. A typewriter demands something particular: attentiveness. By the time the paper is loaded, the ribbon tightened, the carriage returned, the spacing and the margins set, there's a big premium on hitting the right key. That means sorting out ideas, pulling together a kind of order and organising details before actually striking off. There can be no thinking on screen with a typewriter. Nor are there any easy distractions. No online shopping. No urgent emails. No Twitter. No need even for electricity - perfect for writing in a remote hideaway. The thinking process is accompanied by the encouraging clack of keys, and the ratchet of the carriage return. Ping!
1) Which one of the following best describes what the passage is trying to do?
(1) It describes why people continue to use typewriters even in the digital age.
(2) It argues that typewriters will continue to be used even though they are an obsolete technology.
(3) It highlights the personal benefits of using typewriters.
(4) It shows that computers offer fewer options that typewriters.
2) According to the passage, some governments still use typewriters because:
(1) they do not want to abandon old technologies that may be useful in the future.
(2) they want to ensure that typewriter production lines remain in business.
(3) they like the nostalgic appeal of typewriter.
(4) they can control who reads the document.
3) The writer praises typewriters for all the following reasons EXCEPT
(1) Unlike computers, they can only be used for typing.
(2) You cannot revise what you have typed on a typewriter.
(3) Typewriters are noisier than computers.
(4) Typewriters are messier to use than computers.
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